[For an overview of the SIR-CED program, open the file OvervuWd.txt] ù ABOUT THE SIR-CED CD-ROM When you open up the SIR-CED CD-ROM that comes with this package you should see three folders:  What follows below is a description of the contents of these three folders.  The folder Software contains software which can be used to display and interact with the image data on the CD-ROM and open text files. The software is contained in separate folders, with titles which reflect the computer they should be used for:  For Mac Users: Software in the MAC folder is designed for use with Macintosh computers. The software included in the folder are: Macsigma0 - program for display and interaction with radar images NIH Image - general purpose image processing program Image4PDS - a version of NIH Image which supports GIF format files Teachtext - simple word processing program Copy these four programs over to your own computer to install them. You will also find documentation on the software packages in the MAC folder. With these four programs you should be able to open most of the files contained on the CD-ROM. The exceptions to this are some text files which can only be opened using the commercially available program Microsoft Word (v5.0 or higher is recommended). Also contained in the MAC folder is a folder called Other Software. This folder contains miscellaneous software you may find useful or may already be familiar with, such as the MacMultiview, Imagic, Imagery and Giffer applications. You do not need to use this software for the SIR-CED package: it is provided for your convenience only. To use the data on the SIR-CED CD-ROM, first be sure that you have copied NIH Image, Teachtext or Microsoft Word, and MacSigma0 to your hard drive. If you are using System 7 or later it is very helpful to make an alias and leave it on the desktop. This is a general command that has to be done before you try to open any files. To open a file ending with .STK you should use MacSigma0. Simply double click on the MacSigma0 icon and under the file menu drag down and select Compressed Stokes. Find your way to folders that contain files that end with .STK. Select that file and it will automatically open. Use the other instructions given in the Document folder to analyze the image. To open a document ending with .pic simply double click on it and NIH image will automatically open it. We make it easy for you. You can open files ending in .gif using the Image4PDS apllication. To open a file ending with .txt just double click on it and Teachtext or Microsoft Word (if you have it on your computer) will open it. For PC Users: Software in the PC folder is designed for use with IBM-compatible computers. The software included in the folder are: IMDISP.EXE - program for display and interaction with images Also included in the PC folder are documentation for the IMDISP program and a help library. Please refer to the file IMDISP.TXT for complete instructions on how to use IMDISP.EXE. Copy the executable file IMDISP.EXE over to your own computer to install it. With IMDISP.EXE you should be able to open most of the .gif type files contained on the CD-ROM. You will not be able to open Stokes matrix format (AIRSAR) files (which end in .stk), PICT format files, (which end in .pic), or text files (which end in .txt). A commercially available program called PC-CEOS, which is marketed by a company called PCI [Tel: (703) 243 3700 in the USA or (416) 764 0614 in Canada] should be able to read and display the .stk files. The .pic files are duplicates of the .gif files. We recommend that you use the commercially available program Microsoft Word for Windows to read the text (.txt) files. To use the data on the SIR-CED CD-ROM, first be sure that you have copied IMDISP.EXE to your hard drive. If do not have a program to display the .stk format files, don't worry. Just skip those sections in the SIR-CED program which use .stk files or refer to using the program Macsigma0. You will need to be able to read the text files, however. To use the IMDISP program from your hard disk first create a directory to hold the IMDISP files. Use the MS-DOS command "MKDIR \IMDISP" to create a directory to hold the programs. Use the "CHDIR \IMDISP" command to make IMDISP the default directory. Copy the files you want to display from the CD-ROM to your hard disk. You should now be able to run all examples from that directory on your hard disk. IMDISP is invoked by typing "IMDISP". The program will blank the display screen and display a welcome logo, then the prompt "COMMAND:" will appear in the lower left portion of the screen. Type "FILE filename.gif" in response to the COMMAND prompt, followed by "DISPLAY" to display the image contained in the file "filename.gif". Please refer to the documentation in IMDISP.TXT for complete instructions on how to use IMDISP. For SUN Users: Software in the SUN folder is designed for use with SUN-Unix computers. The software included in the folder are: XV.SU4 - program for display and interaction with images Also included in the SUN folder is documentation for XV in the file XVDOCS.PS. Copy the executable file XV.SU4 over to your own computer to install it. With XV you should be able to open most of the .gif type files contained on the CD-ROM. You will not be able to open Stokes matrix format (AIRSAR) files (which end in .stk), PICT format files, (which end in .pic), or text files (which end in .txt). A program called RAVEN which should be able to read and display the .stk files is currently being developed by JPL and the University of Colorado at Boulder, but was not ready for release at the time this CD-ROM was generated. The .pic files are duplicates of the .gif files. We recommend that you use the commercially available program Microsoft Word for Windows to read the text (.txt) files. To use the data on the SIR-CED CD-ROM, first be sure that you have copied XV.SU4 to your hard drive. Rename as XV for convenience. If you do not have a program to display the .stk format files, don't worry. Just skip those sections in the SIR-CED program which use .stk files or refer to using the program Macsigma0. You will need to be able to read the text files, however. To use the XV program first mount the CD using the mount command. Copy the XV.SU4 file to your hard drive. Rename as XV for convenience. Use the cd command to change your working directory to the one containing the XV software. Type XV to run the program. A welcome sign will appear (with a fish) to to show that XV is running. Click the right button on the mouse to bring up the XV Controls window. Select an image of file type "filename.gif" from the CD-ROM for display. Use the Load button to display the filename.gif file of your choice. Please refer to the documentation in XVDOCS.PS for complete instructions on how to use XV. For INDIGO Users: Software in the INDIGO folder is designed for use with Indigo computers. The software included in the folder are: XV.IND - program for display and interaction with images Also included in the INDIGO folder documentation for XV in the files README.XV and SOFTINFO.TXT. Please refer to the file README.XV for complete instructions on how to use XV.IND. Copy the executable file XV.IND over to your own computer to install it. With XV you should be able to open most of the .gif type files contained on the CD-ROM. You will not be able to open Stokes matrix format (AIRSAR) files (which end in .stk), PICT format files, (which end in .pic), or text files (which end in .txt). The .pic files are duplicates of the .gif files. We recommend that you use the commercially available program Microsoft Word for Windows to read the text (.txt) files. To use the data on the SIR-CED CD-ROM, first be sure that you have copied XV.IND to your hard drive. Rename as XV for convenience. If you do not have a program to display the .stk format files, don't worry. Just skip those sections in the SIR-CED program which use .stk files or refer to using the program Macsigma0. You will need to be able to read the text files, however. To use the XV program first mount the CD using the mount command. Copy the XV.IND file to your hard drive. Rename as XV for convenience. Use the cd command to change your working directory to the one containing the XV software. Type XV to run the program. A welcome sign will appear (with a fish) to to show that XV is running. Click the right button on the mouse to bring up the XV Controls window. Select an image of file type "filename.gif" from the CD-ROM for display. Use the Load button to display the filename.gif file of your choice. Please refer to the documentation in README.XV for complete instructions on how to use XV.  The folder Document contains an electronic copy of the documentation which accompanies the SIR-CED package. All of the documentation is written in Microsoft Word (v.5.1) for the Macintosh. It is arranged in three folders which can be accessed by opening up the Documents folder. They are:  The Teachers folder is a Teachers' Resource Guide which contains an introduction to remote sensing and imaging radar for the teacher, plus background material so that the teacher has the information available to answer most likely questions which will arise in the classroom. The text is arranged in different folders, with an Introduction, plus the five Modules into which this package is divided. The Slides folder contains electronic copies of viewgraphs or overheads which the teacher can use in introducing the SIR-CED material to students. The overhead files are also arranged into five Modules. All the files are written in Microsoft Word (v.5.1) for the Macintosh. The Lessons folder contains electronic copies of handouts which the teacher can use in introducing the SIR-CED material to students. The handouts include questions to be answered by the students as individuals, in teams, or during class discussions. The handout files are also arranged into five Modules. All the files are written in Microsoft Word (v.5.1) for the Macintosh. On the Macintosh, files in the Document folder can be opened using Microsoft Word (v5.1) software by using the Open option under the FILE menu in Microsoft Word (v5.1). Microsoft Word (v5.1) files can also be imported into many other types of word processing programs, such as earlier versions of Microsoft Word (5.0 and earlier), WordPerfect and MacWrite Pro. All of these programs are distributed by commercial vendors and can not be found on the SIR-CED CD-ROM. For non-MAC users, we recommend you use Microsoft Word for Windows to read the text files on the SIR-CED CD-ROM.  The folder Data contains all of the image files and data files to be used in the SIR-CED program. The image files can be opened by using the Macsigma0, NIH Image, Image4PDS, XV and IMDISP software packages, depending on the type of image. Text files can be opened using Teachtext or Microsoft Word, depending on their type. On opening the Data folder, you will see that it contains five sub-directories or folders:  The folder Mods1to4 contains all the image data files to be used during Modules 1 to 4 of the SIR-CED package. It is recommended that you copy over the data files from Mods1to4 for each module to your own computer before setting up to teach a lesson using these files. The folder Supersit contains image data files and text files from the SIR-C supersites, which are sites selected by SIR-C scientists for priority coverage. The files are arranged into site directories. The folder Othersit contains image data files and text files from other sites which may be of interest to your students. The files in the folders Supersit and Othersit will be used in Module 5 of the SIR-CED package. The folder gifs contains duplicates of the contents of the folders Mods1to4, Supersit and Othersit. The only difference being that PICT (.pic) files have been converted over to and replaced by GIF (.gif) files. The GIF files can be opened by the Image4PDS, XV and IMDISP programs. The folder Fullsize contains some full size AIRSAR data (.stk) files. For each site, varying degrees of data were found to be available. Some sites have radar data from the NASA/JPL AIRSAR; some have scanned radar images from earlier imaging radar missions such as SEASAT or SIR-B; some have photos taken on the ground; some have digital topographic maps; some have optical or infra-red images; all have a text file describing the aims of the SIR-C investigators for the site. Some of the sites have all of this data; others may just have a hand-held photo and a text file. The SIR-CED data set should be regarded as a look at the sites to be covered by SIR-C. It was generated prior to SIR-C launch, and therefore does not contain any SIR-C data. This will follow in later CD's to be produced after the SIR-C Mission. In producing the files contained in this CD, we have tried to ensure that the user can open the files without knowing the file dimensions, as much as possible. Thus many image data files are in PICT or GIF format, which are fairly standard (compressed) data formats which many programs can access. We have also tried to keep file sizes down as much as possible to below 1.4Mbytes, so that files can easily be copied onto a high density floppy disk for circulation. ù File Types 1) Text Files DirIndex.txt - text file containing an index of the files contained in the site directory. Data are in a Teachtext format file. File can be opened using Teachtext software by double-clicking on the file icon or opening using the Open option under the FILE menu in Teachtext. The Teachtext software application can be found in the Software folder on the SIR-CED CD-ROM. Teachtext files can also be opened by many other types of word processing programs, such as Microsoft Word, WordPerfect and MacWrite Pro. All of these programs are distributed by commercial vendors and can not be found on the SIR-CED CD-ROM. SiteWord.txt - text file describing the site in the carefully chosen words of the SIR-C investigators. Contains a technical description of the main thrusts of the investigations being carried out at the site, a list of the SIR-C investigators involved, a description of any planned field work by the investigator team, a list of requirements for SIR-C and Shuttle photo coverage, and anticipated results from the SIR-C experiments conducted at the site. Data are in a Microsoft Word (v5.1) format file. File can be opened using Microsoft Word (v5.1) software by using the Open option under the FILE menu in Microsoft Word (v5.1). SiteText.txt - text file describing the site in the carefully chosen words of the SIR-C investigators. Contains a technical description of the main thrusts of the investigations being carried out at the site, a list of the SIR-C investigators involved, a description of any planned field work by the investigator team, a list of requirements for SIR-C and Shuttle photo coverage, and anticipated results from the SIR-C experiments conducted at the site. Data are in a Teachtext format file which is a duplicate of the Microsoft Word (v5.1) file SiteWord.txt. File can be opened using Teachtext software by double-clicking on the file icon or opening using the Open option under the FILE menu in Teachtext. 2) AIRSAR data Files CBandRed.STK - NASA/JPL AIRSAR data, corresponding to C-band wavelength (6cm), in Stokes matrix compressed format. From the Stokes matrix format, images representing radar backscatter for different polarizations can easily be generated. Data was generated by NASA's airborne imaging radar sytem, known as AIRSAR, which produces Stokes matrix data for three frequencies at the same time. Data have been reduced from original size by averaging over a box of four by four (4x4) pixels to produce one output pixel. File can be opened using the Open Compressed Stokes option under the FILE menu of the Macsigma0 software. LBandRed.STK - NASA/JPL AIRSAR data, corresponding to L-band wavelength (24cm), in Stokes matrix compressed format. From the Stokes matrix format, images representing radar backscatter for different polarizations can easily be generated. Data was generated by NASA's airborne imaging radar sytem, known as AIRSAR, which produces Stokes matrix data for three frequencies at the same time. Data have been reduced from original size by averaging over a box of four by four (4x4) pixels to produce one output pixel. File can be opened using the Open Compressed Stokes option under the FILE menu of the Macsigma0 software. PBandRed.STK - NASA/JPL AIRSAR data, corresponding to P-band wavelength (68cm), in Stokes matrix compressed format. From the Stokes matrix format, images representing radar backscatter for different polarizations can easily be generated. Data was generated by NASA's airborne imaging radar sytem, known as AIRSAR, which produces Stokes matrix data for three frequencies at the same time. Data have been reduced from original size by averaging over a box of four by four (4x4) pixels to produce one output pixel. File can be opened using the Open Compressed Stokes option under the FILE menu of the Macsigma0 software. LBandFul.pic - NASA/JPL AIRSAR data, corresponding to L-band wavelength (24cm), with HH polarization. Data was generated by NASA's airborne imaging radar sytem, known as AIRSAR, which produces Stokes matrix data for three frequencies at the same time. Data are a PICT format file corresponding to a full-size L-band HH image generated from the original AIRSAR data. File can be opened using NIH Image software by double-clicking on the file icon or opening using the Open option under the FILE menu in NIH Image. 3) Full Size AIRSAR Files The directory Fullsize contains full size AIRSAR image data. Full size AIRSAR data files are relatively large (up to 13 Mbytes) and will not fit on a floppy disk. They may also be difficult to display if your Macintosh does not have a lot of RAM. It is recommended that you assign at least 5 Mbytes of RAM to the Macsigma0 program using the Get Info option under the Finder FILE menu before attempting to open a full size AIRSAR image data file. Files contained in the Fullsize.Dir folder include: FilenamC.STK - NASA/JPL AIRSAR data, corresponding to C-band wavelength (6cm), in Stokes matrix compressed format. From the Stokes matrix format, images representing radar backscatter for different polarizations can easily be generated. Data was generated by NASA's airborne imaging radar sytem, known as AIRSAR, which produces Stokes matrix data for three frequencies at the same time. Data are full size (1024x750 pixels or 1024x1280 pixels). File can be opened using the Open Compressed Stokes option under the FILE menu of the Macsigma0 software. FilenamL.STK - NASA/JPL AIRSAR data, corresponding to L-band wavelength (24cm), in Stokes matrix compressed format. From the Stokes matrix format, images representing radar backscatter for different polarizations can easily be generated. Data was generated by NASA's airborne imaging radar sytem, known as AIRSAR, which produces Stokes matrix data for three frequencies at the same time. Data are full size (1024x750 pixels or 1024x1280 pixels). File can be opened using the Open Compressed Stokes option under the FILE menu of the Macsigma0 software. FilenamP.STK - NASA/JPL AIRSAR data, corresponding to P-band wavelength (68cm), in Stokes matrix compressed format. From the Stokes matrix format, images representing radar backscatter for different polarizations can easily be generated. Data was generated by NASA's airborne imaging radar sytem, known as AIRSAR, which produces Stokes matrix data for three frequencies at the same time. Data are full size (1024x750 pixels or 1024x1280 pixels). File can be opened using the Open Compressed Stokes option under the FILE menu of the Macsigma0 software. 4) Scanned Image Files Shuttlen.pic - digitized hand-held photograph, taken by the NASA Space Shuttle crew. Data are a PICT format file. File can be opened using NIH Image software by double-clicking on the file icon or opening using the Open option under the FILE menu in NIH Image. SEASATim.pic - SEASAT (L-band HH) radar image of the area from the SEASAT mission in1978. Data have been scanned from a photo product and are not calibrated. Data are in a PICT format file. File can be opened using NIH Image software by double-clicking on the file icon or opening using the Open option under the FILE menu in NIH Image. SIRAimag.pic - SIR-A (L-band HH) radar image of the area from the SIR-A mission in 1981. Data have been scanned from a photo product and are not calibrated. Data are in a PICT format file. File can be opened using NIH Image software by double-clicking on the file icon or opening using the Open option under the FILE menu in NIH Image. SIRBimag.pic - SIR-B (L-band HH) radar image of the area from the SIR-B mission in 1984. Data have been scanned from a photo product and are not calibrated. Data are in a PICT format file. File can be opened using NIH Image software by double-clicking on the file icon or opening using the Open option under the FILE menu in NIH Image. JERS1img.pic - JERS-1 (L-band HH) radar image of the area from the Japanese JERS-1 imaging radar mission. Image was generated in 1992. Data have been scanned from a photo product and are not calibrated. Data are in a PICT format file. File can be opened using NIH Image software by double-clicking on the file icon or opening using the Open option under the FILE menu in NIH Image. ESARimag.pic - X-band radar image of the area from the German E-SAR airborne SAR system, operated by the German Aerospace Research Institute (DLR). Data have been scanned from a photo product and are not calibrated. Data are in a PICT format file. File can be opened using NIH Image software by double-clicking on the file icon or opening using the Open option under the FILE menu in NIH Image. AerialPh.pic - aerial photograph taken from a plane. Data have been scanned from a photo product. Data are in a PICT format file. File can be opened using NIH Image software by double-clicking on the file icon or opening using the Open option under the FILE menu in NIH Image. GroundVn.pic - digitized photograph taken from the ground by a SIR-C investigator or a member of the SIR-C team. Data are in a PICT format file. File can be opened using NIH Image software by double-clicking on the file icon or opening using the Open option under the FILE menu in NIH Image. LocatMpn.pic - digitized map of the area, taken by from a USGS map of the site, or from a map provided by the SIR-C investigator. Data are in a PICT format file. File can be opened using NIH Image software by double-clicking on the file icon or opening using the Open option under the FILE menu in NIH Image. 5) Other Digital Images Landsatn.pic - Landsat image of the area. Data may be optical, infra-red or a combination of bands. Data are in a PICT format file. File can be opened using NIH Image software by double-clicking on the file icon or opening using the Open option under the FILE menu in NIH Image. Topomapn.pic - digitized topographic map of the area, taken from a NASA/JPL TOPSAR image data set or a USGS topographic map of the site. Data are in a PICT format file. When opened the 'pixel value' should correpond to the height above sea level in meters. File can be opened using NIH Image software by double-clicking on the file icon or opening using the Open option under the FILE menu in NIH Image. 6) Vegetation Map files Vegmpbyt.pic - vegetation map of the area, generated from NASA/JPL AIRSAR data, using an algorithm developed by A. Freeman of JPL. Each pixel is classified as corresponding to an urban area (e.g. a city or town); a forest; medium vegetation, such as shrubs or a mature corn field; low vegetation, such as grassland, scrub or low-lying agricultural crops (e.g. wheat or barley); no vegetation (rocks, bare soil and water surfaces). Within the three vegetated classes (forest, medium and low vegetation) there is a further subdivision into, for example, forest which has a significant amount of double-bounce [Forest (D)] and forest which doesn't [Forest]. The clasification is based on a model of the scattering mechanisms expected from these different ground cover types at all three AIRSAR frequencies and was trained on AIRSAR data from a few different types of scene. Some pixels are unclassified and are designated as bright, medium or dark. These pixels do not match the models. Data are in a PICT format file. File can be opened using NIH Image software by double-clicking on the file icon or opening using the Open option under the FILE menu in NIH Image. WARNING - the vegetation maps in the Vegmpbyt.pic files are our best estimate of the ground cover class based on current models and understanding of radar backscatter. They may be wrong in some cases. Vegmpkey.pic - color-coded key to the Vegmpbyt.pic files. Displayed at the same time as the Vegmpbyt.pic image data file, it allows the vegetation map to be visually interpreted. Data are in a PICT format file. File can be opened using NIH Image software by double-clicking on the file icon or opening using the Open option under the FILE menu in NIH Image. VegmpHdr.txt - header file for the Vegmpbyt.pic files. Lists the source file, the classes used in the classifier, the byte value (between 1 and 12) assigned to each, and the percentage occurrence of each class when the classifier was ran. Data are in a Teachtext format file. File can be opened using Teachtext software by double-clicking on the file icon or opening using the Open option under the FILE menu in Teachtext.