7# <); .xl /* 4 MODULE 5 - EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY A) ABOUT THE FILES ON THE CD-ROM Objectives: 1) Students will learn the origin and type of the data files on the SIR-CED CD-ROM. 2) Students will know which software package to use to open each data file. The CD-ROM which comes with the SIR-CED package contains image data and other types of data corresponding to the SIR-C/X-SAR supersites (and backup supersites), plus a few other sites of interest. The data are stored in five directories:  There is then a sub-directory for each site. The folder Mods1to4 contains all the image data files to be used during Modules 1 to 4 of the SIR-CED package. It is recommended that you copy over the data files from Mods1to4 for each module to your own computer before setting up to teach a lesson using these files. The folder Supersit contains image data files and text files from the SIR-C supersites, which are sites selected by SIR-C scientists for priority coverage. The files are arranged into site directories. The folder Othersit contains image data files and text files from other sites which may be of interest to your students. The files in the folders Supersit and Othersit will be used in Module 5 of the SIR-CED package. The folder gifs contains duplicates of the contents of the folders Mods1to4, Supersit and Othersit. The only difference being that PICT (.pic) files have been converted over to and replaced by GIF (.gif) files. The GIF files can be opened by the Image4PDS, XV and IMDISP programs. The folder Fullsize contains some full size AIRSAR data (.stk) files. For each site, varying types of data were found to be available. Some sites have radar data from the NASA/JPL AIRSAR; some have scanned radar images from SEASAT or SIR-B; some have photos taken on the ground; some have digital topographic maps; some have optical or infra-red images. All sites have a text file describing the aims of the SIR-C/X-SAR investigators for the site. Some of the sites have all of this data; others may just have a hand-held photo and a text file. This data set should be regarded as a look at the sites to be covered by SIR-C/X-SAR. It was generated prior to SIR-C launch, and therefore does not contain any SIR-C data. This will follow in later CD's to be produced after the SIR-C Mission. In producing the files contained in this CD, we have tried to ensure that the user can open the files without knowing the file dimensions, as much as possible. Thus many image data files are in PICT format, which is a fairly standard (compressed) data format which many Macintosh programs can access. We have also tried to keep file sizes down as much as possible to below 1.4Mbytes, so that files can easily be copied onto a high density floppy disk for circulation. File Types 1) Text Files DirIndex.txt - text file containing an index of the files contained in the site directory. Data are in a Teachtext format file. File can be opened using Teachtext software by double-clicking on the file icon or opening using the Open option under the FILE menu in Teachtext. The Teachtext software application can be found in the Software folder on the SIR-CED CD-ROM. Teachtext files can also be opened by many other types of word processing programs, such as Microsoft Word, WordPerfect and MacWrite Pro. All of these programs are distributed by commercial vendors and can not be found on the SIR-CED CD-ROM. SiteWord.txt - text file describing the site in the carefully chosen words of the SIR-C investigators. Contains a technical description of the main thrusts of the investigations being carried out at the site, a list of the SIR-C investigators involved, a description of any planned field work by the investigator team, a list of requirements for SIR-C and Shuttle photo coverage, and anticipated results from the SIR-C experiments conducted at the site. Data are in a Microsoft Word (v5.1) format file. File can be opened using Microsoft Word (v5.1) software by using the Open option under the FILE menu in Microsoft Word (v5.1). SiteText.txt - text file describing the site in the carefully chosen words of the SIR-C investigators. Contains a technical description of the main thrusts of the investigations being carried out at the site, a list of the SIR-C investigators involved, a description of any planned field work by the investigator team, a list of requirements for SIR-C and Shuttle photo coverage, and anticipated results from the SIR-C experiments conducted at the site. Data are in a Teachtext format file which is a duplicate of the Microsoft Word (v5.1) file SiteWord.txt. File can be opened using Teachtext software by double-clicking on the file icon or opening using the Open option under the FILE menu in Teachtext. 2) AIRSAR data Files CBandRed.STK - NASA/JPL AIRSAR data, corresponding to C-band wavelength (6cm), in Stokes matrix compressed format. From the Stokes matrix format, images representing radar backscatter for different polarizations can easily be generated. Data was generated by NASA's airborne imaging radar sytem, known as AIRSAR, which produces Stokes matrix data for three frequencies at the same time. Data have been reduced from original size by averaging over a box of four by four (4x4) pixels to produce one output pixel. File can be opened using the Open Compressed Stokes option under the FILE menu of the Macsigma0 software. LBandRed.STK - NASA/JPL AIRSAR data, corresponding to L-band wavelength (24cm), in Stokes matrix compressed format. From the Stokes matrix format, images representing radar backscatter for different polarizations can easily be generated. Data was generated by NASA's airborne imaging radar sytem, known as AIRSAR, which produces Stokes matrix data for three frequencies at the same time. Data have been reduced from original size by averaging over a box of four by four (4x4) pixels to produce one output pixel. File can be opened using the Open Compressed Stokes option under the FILE menu of the Macsigma0 software. PBandRed.STK - NASA/JPL AIRSAR data, corresponding to P-band wavelength (68cm), in Stokes matrix compressed format. From the Stokes matrix format, images representing radar backscatter for different polarizations can easily be generated. Data was generated by NASA's airborne imaging radar sytem, known as AIRSAR, which produces Stokes matrix data for three frequencies at the same time. Data have been reduced from original size by averaging over a box of four by four (4x4) pixels to produce one output pixel. File can be opened using the Open Compressed Stokes option under the FILE menu of the Macsigma0 software. LBandFul.pic - NASA/JPL AIRSAR data, corresponding to L-band wavelength (24cm), with HH polarization. Data was generated by NASA's airborne imaging radar sytem, known as AIRSAR, which produces Stokes matrix data for three frequencies at the same time. Data are a PICT format file corresponding to a full-size L-band HH image generated from the original AIRSAR data. File can be opened using NIH Image software by double-clicking on the file icon or opening using the Open option under the FILE menu in NIH Image. 3) Full Size AIRSAR Files The directory Fullsize contains full size AIRSAR image data. Full size AIRSAR data files are relatively large (up to 13 Mbytes) and will not fit on a floppy disk. They may also be difficult to display if your Macintosh does not have a lot of RAM. It is recommended that you assign at least 5 Mbytes of RAM to the Macsigma0 program using the Get Info option under the Finder FILE menu before attempting to open a full size AIRSAR image data file. Files contained in the Fullsize.Dir folder include: FilenamC.STK - NASA/JPL AIRSAR data, corresponding to C-band wavelength (6cm), in Stokes matrix compressed format. From the Stokes matrix format, images representing radar backscatter for different polarizations can easily be generated. Data was generated by NASA's airborne imaging radar sytem, known as AIRSAR, which produces Stokes matrix data for three frequencies at the same time. Data are full size (1024x750 pixels or 1024x1280 pixels). File can be opened using the Open Compressed Stokes option under the FILE menu of the Macsigma0 software. FilenamL.STK - NASA/JPL AIRSAR data, corresponding to L-band wavelength (24cm), in Stokes matrix compressed format. From the Stokes matrix format, images representing radar backscatter for different polarizations can easily be generated. Data was generated by NASA's airborne imaging radar sytem, known as AIRSAR, which produces Stokes matrix data for three frequencies at the same time. Data are full size (1024x750 pixels or 1024x1280 pixels). File can be opened using the Open Compressed Stokes option under the FILE menu of the Macsigma0 software. FilenamP.STK - NASA/JPL AIRSAR data, corresponding to P-band wavelength (68cm), in Stokes matrix compressed format. From the Stokes matrix format, images representing radar backscatter for different polarizations can easily be generated. Data was generated by NASA's airborne imaging radar sytem, known as AIRSAR, which produces Stokes matrix data for three frequencies at the same time. Data are full size (1024x750 pixels or 1024x1280 pixels). File can be opened using the Open Compressed Stokes option under the FILE menu of the Macsigma0 software. 4) Scanned Image Files Shuttlen.pic - digitized hand-held photograph, taken by the NASA Space Shuttle crew. Data are a PICT format file. File can be opened using NIH Image software by double-clicking on the file icon or opening using the Open option under the FILE menu in NIH Image. SEASATim.pic - SEASAT (L-band HH) radar image of the area from the SEASAT mission in1978. Data have been scanned from a photo product and are not calibrated. Data are in a PICT format file. File can be opened using NIH Image software by double-clicking on the file icon or opening using the Open option under the FILE menu in NIH Image. SIRAimgn.pic - SIR-A (L-band HH) radar image of the area from the SIR-A mission in 1981. Data have been scanned from a photo product and are not calibrated. Data are in a PICT format file. File can be opened using NIH Image software by double-clicking on the file icon or opening using the Open option under the FILE menu in NIH Image. SIRBimgn.pic - SIR-B (L-band HH) radar image of the area from the SIR-B mission in 1984. Data have been scanned from a photo product and are not calibrated. Data are in a PICT format file. File can be opened using NIH Image software by double-clicking on the file icon or opening using the Open option under the FILE menu in NIH Image. JERS1imn.pic - JERS-1 (L-band HH) radar image of the area from the Japanese JERS-1 imaging radar mission. Image was generated in 1992. Data have been scanned from a photo product and are not calibrated. Data are in a PICT format file. File can be opened using NIH Image software by double-clicking on the file icon or opening using the Open option under the FILE menu in NIH Image. ESARimag.pic - X-band radar image of the area from the German E-SAR airborne SAR system, operated by the German Aerospace Research Institute (DLR). Data have been scanned from a photo product and are not calibrated. Data are in a PICT format file. File can be opened using NIH Image software by double-clicking on the file icon or opening using the Open option under the FILE menu in NIH Image. AerialPn.pic - aerial photograph taken from a plane. Data have been scanned from a photo product. Data are in a PICT format file. File can be opened using NIH Image software by double-clicking on the file icon or opening using the Open option under the FILE menu in NIH Image. GroundVn.pic - digitized photograph taken from the ground by a SIR-C investigator or a member of the SIR-C team. Data are in a PICT format file. File can be opened using NIH Image software by double-clicking on the file icon or opening using the Open option under the FILE menu in NIH Image. LocatMpn.pic - digitized map of the area, taken by from a USGS map of the site, or from a map provided by the SIR-C investigator. Data are in a PICT format file. File can be opened using NIH Image software by double-clicking on the file icon or opening using the Open option under the FILE menu in NIH Image. 5) Other Digital Images Landsatn.pic - Landsat image of the area. Data may be optical, infra-red or a combination of bands. Data are in a PICT format file. File can be opened using NIH Image software by double-clicking on the file icon or opening using the Open option under the FILE menu in NIH Image. Topomapn.pic - digitized topographic map of the area, taken from a NASA/JPL TOPSAR image data set or a USGS topographic map of the site. Data are in a PICT format file. When opened the 'pixel value' should correpond to the height above sea level in meters. File can be opened using NIH Image software by double-clicking on the file icon or opening using the Open option under the FILE menu in NIH Image. 6) Vegetation Map files Vegmpbyt.pic - vegetation map of the area, generated from NASA/JPL AIRSAR data, using an algorithm developed by A. Freeman of JPL. Each pixel is classified as corresponding to an urban area (e.g. a city or town); a forest; medium vegetation, such as shrubs or a mature corn field; low vegetation, such as grassland, scrub or low-lying agricultural crops (e.g. wheat or barley); no vegetation (rocks, bare soil and water surfaces). Within the three vegetated classes (forest, medium and low vegetation) there is a further subdivision into, for example, forest which has a significant amount of double-bounce [Forest (D)] and forest which doesn't [Forest]. The clasification is based on a model of the scattering mechanisms expected from these different ground cover types at all three AIRSAR frequencies and was trained on AIRSAR data from a few different types of scene. Some pixels are unclassified and are designated as bright, medium or dark. These pixels do not match the models. Data are in a PICT format file. File can be opened using NIH Image software by double-clicking on the file icon or opening using the Open option under the FILE menu in NIH Image. WARNING - the vegetation maps in the Vegmpbyt.pic files are our best estimate of the ground cover class based on current models and understanding of radar backscatter. They may be wrong in some cases. Vegmpkey.pic - color-coded key to the Vegmpbyt.pic files. Displayed at the same time as the Vegmpbyt.pic image data file, it allows the vegetation map to be visually interpreted. Data are in a PICT format file. File can be opened using NIH Image software by double-clicking on the file icon or opening using the Open option under the FILE menu in NIH Image. VegmpHdr.txt - header file for the Vegmpbyt.pic files. Lists the source file, the classes used in the classifier, the byte value (between 1 and 12) assigned to each, and the percentage occurrence of each class when the classifier was ran. Data are in a Teachtext format file. 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